15Biotechnological Production of Fuel Hydrogen and Its Market Deployment
Carolina Zampol Lazaro1, Emrah Sagir1, and Patrick C. Hallenbeck1,2
1Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
2Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, CO, 80840‐5002, USA
15.1 Introduction
The finite nature of fossil fuel reserves, climate change effects, concerns about energy security, and the dangers that the use of petroleum products are driving research and development of sustainable, renewable fuels (Hallenbeck 2012). Overcoming the effects of fossil fuel use on climate change will require the development and deployment of carbon neutral fuels. Hydrogen has long been touted as a clean, green fuel since its combustion gives only water vapour. In addition, it has the highest known gravimetric energy density of any fuel (142 MJ/kg), nearly triple that of any fossil fuel, however, its low volumetric energy density makes its use as a transportation fuel problematic (Das 2009). Although hydrogen powered internal combustion engines have been developed and are already in use, much higher conversion efficiencies can be obtained using fuel cells (∼80% versus ∼35%), potentially making hydrogen ...
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