Handbook for Process Safety in Laboratories and Pilot Plants

13 Fire and Over‐Temperature Protection

This chapter focuses on the engineered controls that prevent and reduce consequences of fire and high temperature in LAPPs. Section 10.3 presents the hazards of flammables in the LAPP, including the types of fires and damage they can cause. Section 10.1.3 discusses high temperature hazards due to exothermic reactions, both intended and unintended.

13.1 Fire Prevention

Guidance on controls for flammable gases and flammable and combustible liquids is available in the US OSHA, FM Global, and NFPA resources. The standards listed in Table 13-1 represent some of the standards discussed in this chapter [110]. Table 18‐1 lists some standards for explosions and combustible dusts. Table 10‐5 lists standards for specific gases.

Table 13-1 NFPA Standards for Fire and Explosion Control

NFPA 2	Hydrogen
NFPA 30	Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 33	Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials
NFPA 34	Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids
NFPA 45	Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals
NFPA 51B	Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work
NFPA 54	National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA 55	Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
NFPA 67	Guide on Explosion Protection for Gaseous Mixtures in Pipe Systems
NFPA 70	National Electric Code
NFPA 77	Recommended Practice on Static Electricity
NFPA 495 ...