Section 26

Environment

Figures

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Figure 26.1 The automobile catalytic converter, which catalyzes the reduction of NOx and hydrocarbons and the oxidation of carbon monoxide. It operates at ~200°C during start-up and 800°C during cruising. Converters are typically oval, ~0.35 m long and ~0.25 m across the oval (sometimes round). Source: Crundwell, Frank K., Michael S. Moats, Venkoba Ramachandran, Timothy G. Robinson, William G. Davenport. 2011. Platinum-Group Metals, Production, Use and Extraction Costs, Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel, Cobalt and Platinum Group Metals, (Oxford, Elsevier).

Figure 26.2 Typical pollution controls on a conventional pulverized ...

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