January 2006
Beginner
1152 pages
75h 49m
English
book
Handbook of Information Security: Threats, Vulnerabilities, Prevention, Detection, and Management, Volume 3
by Hossein Bidgoli
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Fault Attacks
Hamid Choukri, Gemplus & University of Bordeaux, France
Michael Tunstall, Gemplus & Royal Holloway, University of London
Variations in the Supply Voltage
Variation in the External Clock
The Effects of Different Types of Faults
INTRODUCTION
One of the first examples of faults being injected in a microchip was accidental. It was noticed that radioactive particles produced by elements present in the packaging material (May & Woods, 1978) caused faults in chips. Uranium-235, Uranium-238, and Thorium-230 was present that decays to Lead-206. The process released alpha particles that created a charge in sensitive areas of the chip causing bits to flip. These elements were only present in 2 or 3 parts per million, but this was sufficient to have an effect on the behavior of the chip.
Subsequent research included studying the effects of cosmic rays on semiconductors (Ziegler, 1979). Cosmic rays are weak at ground level because of the earth's atmosphere. The probability of a fault produced in an integrated circuit is therefore very small, but the more random access memory (RAM) a computer has, the higher the chance of a fault occurring (i.e., it becomes more likely that ...
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I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.