1.1 Preface1.2 Design and Structure of the Eye1.3 Optical Aberrations and Consequences for Visual Performance1.4 Chromatic Aberration1.5 Neural Adaptation to Monochromatic Aberrations1.6 Optimizing Retinal Processing with Limited Cell Numbers, Space, and Energy1.7 Adaptation to Different Light Levels1.8 Rod and Cone Responses1.9 Spiking and Coding1.10 Temporal and Spatial Performance1.11 ON/OFF Structure, Division of the Whole Illuminance Amplitude1.12 Consequences of the Rod and Cone Diversity on Retinal Wiring1.13 Motion Sensitivity in the Retina1.14 Visual Information Processing in Higher Centers1.15 Effects of Attention1.16 Color Vision, Color Constancy, and Color Contrast1.17 Depth Perception1.18 Adaptation in the Visual System to Color, Spatial, and Temporal Contrast1.19 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences