5.1 SPHERICAL ABERRATION CALCULATION
Spherical aberration is the most important of all primary aberrations, because it affects the whole field of a lens, including the vicinity of the optical axis (Toraldo Di Francia 1953). The name of this aberration comes from the fact that it is observed in most spherical surfaces, refracting or reflecting. The aberration is due to the different focus positions for marginal meridional and paraxial rays, as shown in Figure 5.1. The value of this aberration may be calculated by many different methods.
Before calculating this aberration, let us find some expressions for the values of the segments Q and Q′, defined in Chapter 1, since they will be used several times in this section. ...
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