17

Straightness and Alignment

Ruedi Thalmann

CONTENTS

17.1    Definitions and Normative Reference

17.1.1    Traceability

17.2    Principal Measurement Methods for Straightness

17.2.1    Comparison to a Straightness Datum

17.2.2    Reversal Technique

17.2.3    Integration of Slope

17.3    Straightness Measurement Based on an Optical Beam

17.3.1    Optical Alignment Systems

17.3.2    Laser Beam Alignment

17.3.3    Straightness Interferometer

17.4    Straightness Measurement Based on a Mechanical Datum

17.4.1    Error Separation by Reversal

17.4.2    Experimental Result

17.5    Straightness Measurement Using Angle Instruments

17.5.1    Electronic Levels

17.5.2    Autocollimators

17.5.3    Angle Interferometer

17.6    Machine Geometry

17.6.1    Straightness ...

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