Biological warfare agents: History and modern-day relevance
S.J.S. Flora National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
Abstract
Since ancient times, the use of hazardous materials, bacteria, viruses, and toxins as weapons at some stages in war has been well documented. These agents can cause large numbers of causalities both to the military as well as civilian populations and are difficult to manage. Chlorine was first used as a chemical weapon during World War I in 1915 by German military forces at Ypres, Belgium. Military use of chemical and biological warfare agents in time of war demonstrated their level of toxic effect on living beings, i.e., they lead to mass destruction, and ...
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