High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1

High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1

by Saurabh Saran, Vikash Babu, Asha Chaubey
Released April 2019
Publisher(s): Wiley-Scrivener
ISBN: 9781119460015

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Book description

Green technologies are no longer the “future” of science, but the present.  With more and more mature industries, such as the process industries, making large strides seemingly every single day, and more consumers demanding products created from green technologies, it is essential for any business in any industry to be familiar with the latest processes and technologies.  It is all part of a global effort to “go greener,” and this is nowhere more apparent than in fermentation technology. 

This book describes relevant aspects of industrial-scale fermentation, an expanding area of activity, which already generates commercial values of over one third of a trillion US dollars annually, and which will most likely radically change the way we produce chemicals in the long-term future. From biofuels and bulk amino acids to monoclonal antibodies and stem cells, they all rely on mass suspension cultivation of cells in stirred bioreactors, which is the most widely used and versatile way to produce. Today, a wide array of cells can be cultivated in this way, and for most of them genetic engineering tools are also available. Examples of products, operating procedures, engineering and design aspects, economic drivers and cost, and regulatory issues are addressed. In addition, there will be a discussion of how we got to where we are today, and of the real world in industrial fermentation. This chapter is exclusively dedicated to large-scale production used in industrial settings.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Title page
  3. Copyright page
  4. Foreword
  5. About the Editors
  6. List of Contributors
  7. Preface
  8. Acknowledgement
  9. Chapter 1: Introduction, Scope and Significance of Fermentation Technology
    1. 1.1 Introduction
    2. 1.2 Background of Fermentation Technology
    3. 1.3 Market of Fermentation Products
    4. 1.4 Types of Fermentation
    5. 1.5 Classification of Fermentation
    6. 1.6 Design and Parts of Fermentors
    7. 1.7 Types of Fermentor
    8. 1.8 Industrial Applications of Fermentation Technology
    9. 1.9 Scope and Global Market of Fermentation Technology
    10. 1.10 Conclusions
    11. References
  10. Chapter 2: Extraction of Bioactive Molecules through Fermentation and Enzymatic Assisted Technologies
    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.2 Definition of Bioactives Compounds
    3. 2.3 Traditional Processes for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds
    4. 2.4 Fermentation and Enzymatic Technologies for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds
    5. 2.5 Use of Agroindustrial Waste in the Fermentation Process
    6. 2.6 General Parameters in the Optimization of Fermentation Processes
    7. 2.7 Final Comments
    8. Acknowledgements
    9. References
  11. Chapter 3: Antibiotics Against Gram Positive Bacteria
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Target of Antibiotics Against Gram Positive Bacteria
    3. 3.3 Antibiotics Production Processes
    4. 3.4 Conclusion
    5. References
  12. Chapter 4: Antibiotic Against Gram-Negative Bacteria
    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria and Antibiotics
    3. 4.3 Production of Antibiotics
    4. 4.4 Conclusion
    5. References
  13. Chapter 5: Role of Antifungal Drugs in Combating Invasive Fungal Diseases
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Antifungal Agents
    3. 5.3 Targets of Antifungal Agents 5.3.1 Cell Wall Biosynthesis Inhibitors
    4. 5.4 Development of Resistance towards Antifungal Agents
    5. 5.5 Market and Drug Development
    6. 5.6 Conclusions
    7. Acknowledgement
    8. References
  14. Chapter 6: Current Update on Rapamycin Production and its Potential Clinical Implications
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Biosynthesis of Rapamycin
    3. 6.3 Organic Synthesis of Rapamycin
    4. 6.4 Extraction and Quantification of Rapamycin
    5. 6.5 Physiological Factors Affecting Rapamycin Biosynthesis
    6. 6.6 Production of Rapamycin Analogs
    7. 6.7 Mechanism of Action of Rapamycin
    8. 6.8 Use of Rapamycin in Medicine
    9. 6.9 Side Effects of Long-Term Use of Rapamycin
    10. 6.10 Conclusions
    11. Acknowledgements
    12. References
  15. Chapter 7: Advances in Production of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Discovery and Clinical Development
    3. 7.3 Structure and Classification
    4. 7.4 Nomenclature of Monoclonal Antibodies
    5. 7.5 Production of Monoclonal Antibodies
    6. 7.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  16. Chapter 8: Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Potential Alternative to Conventional Antibiotics
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Classification of Bacteriocins
    3. 8.3 Mode of Action
    4. 8.4 Applications
    5. 8.5 Conclusions
    6. Acknowledgments
    7. Abbreviations
    8. References
  17. Chapter 9: Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases: Nature’s Indispensable Drug Factories
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 NRPS Machinery
    3. 9.3 Catalytic Domains of NRPSs
    4. 9.4 Types of NRPS
    5. 9.5 Working of NRPSs
    6. 9.6 Sources of NRPs
    7. 9.7 Production of Non-Ribosomal Peptides
    8. 9.8 Future Scope
    9. Acknowledgements
    10. References
  18. Chapter 10: Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents in Human Disease Management
    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 Pancreatic Enzymes
    3. 10.3 Oncolytic Enzymes
    4. 10.4 Antidiabetic Enzymes
    5. 10.5 Liver Enzymes
    6. 10.6 Kidney Disorder
    7. 10.7 DNA- and RNA-Based Enzymes
    8. 10.8 Enzymes for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders
    9. 10.9 Lysosomal Storage Disorders
    10. 10.10 Miscellaneous Enzymes
    11. 10.11 Conclusions
    12. References
  19. Chapter 11: Erythritol: A Sugar Substitute
    1. 11.1 Introduction
    2. 11.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Erythritol
    3. 11.3 Estimation of Erythritol
    4. 11.4 Production Methods for Erythritol
    5. 11.5 Optimization of Erythritol Production
    6. 11.6 Toxicology of Erythritol
    7. 11.7 Applications of Erythritol
    8. 11.8 Precautions for Erythritol Usage
    9. 11.9 Global Market for Erythritol
    10. 11.10 Conclusions
    11. References
  20. Chapter 12: Sugar and Sugar Alcohols: Xylitol
    1. 12.1 Introduction
    2. 12.2 Biomass Conversion Process
    3. 12.3 Utilization of Xylose
    4. 12.4 Process Variables
    5. References
  21. Chapter 13: Trehalose: An Anonymity Turns Into Necessity
    1. 13.1 Introduction
    2. 13.2 Trehalose Metabolism Pathways
    3. 13.3 Physicochemical Properties and its Biological Significance
    4. 13.4 Trehalose Production
    5. 13.5 Application of Trehalose
    6. 13.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  22. Chapter 14: Production of Yeast Derived Microsomal Human CYP450 Enzymes (Sacchrosomes) in High Yields, and Activities Superior to Commercially Available Microsomal Enzymes
    1. 14.1 Introduction
    2. 14.2 Amounts of Microsomal CYP Enzyme Isolated from Yeast Strains Containing Chromosomally Integrated CYP Gene Expression Cassettes are far Higher than Strains Harbouring an Episomal Expression Plasmid Encoding a CYP Gene
    3. 14.3 Comparison of CYP Enzyme Activity of Yeast-Derived Microsomes (Sacchrosomes) with Commercially Available Microsomes Isolated from Insect and Bacterial Cells
    4. 14.4 IC50 Values of Known CYP Inhibitors Using Sacchrosomes, Commercial Enzymes and HLMs
    5. 14.5 Stabilisation of Sacchrosomes through Freeze-drying
    6. 14.6 Conclusions
    7. References
  23. Chapter 15: Artemisinin: A Potent Antimalarial Drug
    1. 15.1 Introduction
    2. 15.2 Biosynthesis of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua and Pathways Involved
    3. 15.3 Yield Enhancement Strategies in A. annua
    4. 15.4 Artemisinin Production Using Heterologous Hosts
    5. 15.5 Spread of Artemisinin Resistance
    6. 15.6 Challenges in Large-Scale Production
    7. 15.7 Future Prospects
    8. References
  24. Chapter 16: Microbial Production of Flavonoids: Engineering Strategies for Improved Production
    1. 16.1 Introduction
    2. 16.2 Flavonoids
    3. 16.3 Flavonoid Chemistry and Classes
    4. 16.4 Health Benefits of Flavonoids
    5. 16.5 Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Microorganism
    6. 16.6 Engineering of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway
    7. 16.7 Metabolic Engineering Strategies
    8. 16.8 Applications of Synthetic Biology in Flavonoid Production
    9. 16.9 Post-modification of Flavonoids
    10. 16.10 Purification of Flavonoids
    11. 16.11 Conclusion
    12. Acknowledgements
    13. References
  25. Chapter 17: Astaxanthin: Current Advances in Metabolic Engineering of the Carotenoid
    1. 17.1 Introduction
    2. 17.2 Pathway of Astaxanthin
    3. 17.3 Challenges/Current State of the Art in Fermentation/Commercial Production
    4. 17.4 Metabolic Engineering for Astaxanthin
    5. 17.5 Future Prospects
    6. References
  26. Chapter 18: Exploitation of Fungal Endophytes as Bio-Factories for Production of Functional Metabolites through Metabolic Engineering; Emphasizing on Taxol Production
    1. 18.1 Introduction
    2. 18.2 Taxol: History and Clinical Impact
    3. 18.3 Endophytes
    4. 18.4 The Plausibility of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) Hypothesis
    5. 18.5 Endophytes as Biological Factories of Functional Metabolites
    6. 18.6 Taxol Producing Endophytic Fungi
    7. 18.7 Molecular Basis of Taxol Production by Taxus Plants (Taxol Biosynthetic Pathway)
    8. 18.8 Metabolic Engineering for Synthesis of Taxol: Next Generation Tool
    9. 18.9 Future Perspectives
    10. Acknowledgements
    11. References
  27. Index
  28. End User License Agreement

Product information

  • Title: High Value Fermentation Products, Volume 1
  • Author(s): Saurabh Saran, Vikash Babu, Asha Chaubey
  • Release date: April 2019
  • Publisher(s): Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN: 9781119460015