CHAPTER 3THE BIRTH OF CONTEMPORARY HOMELAND SECURITYThe National Response to 9/11 and Its Aftermath

America is no longer protected by vast oceans. We are protected from attack only by vigorous action abroad, and increased vigilance at home.

President George W. Bush, January 29, 2002

CHAPTER OVERVIEW

Every sector of American society was affected in some manner by the 9/11 attacks on the United States. Offensive and defensive strategies were created to meet future threats. Many of the initiatives, in both the public and private sectors, challenged traditional approaches taken by the United States to ensure domestic security. These changes featured aggressive new U.S. foreign and military policies and efforts to cooperate with other countries in ...

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