Appendix 3Management Strategies
The Era of Strategic Management
The American-style practice of long-term management planning was adopted by Japanese businesses early in the postwar period. Long-term planning (normally, a five-year plan) as developed in Japan diffused rapidly beginning around 1955 as a means to modernize management; by 1963 nearly 70 percent of the nation’s principal businesses had adopted the practice. It was during this period that hoshin kanri as a part of TQC was formulated and began to be systematized.
Systematization of Total Management
The postwar period was a time when businesses aimed to establish and develop management strategies, as Japan was then being pressed to open her market (in particular, to liberalize ...
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