CHAPTER 2

What Is Data Science

Data Science encompasses a technological journey from statistics (dating to the 1700s) to the modern (circa 2020) embodiment of Artificial Intelligence.

Statistics: First, some terminology. For the last century, the closest technology to Artificial Intelligence (AI) was “statistics.” If you wanted to understand whether a higher price increase was associated with higher customer churn, or if the shipments to the Midwest were going on back-order more than in the East Coast, you would plot averages on a chart and observe the differences. Because natural variation always occurs, and may not always be meaningful (e.g., two regional branches might perform generally equivalently, but rarely will they have the exact same ...

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