3Industrial Pollution Sources, Its Characterization, Estimation, and Treatment
3.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a summary of industrial wastewater sources, wastewater characteristics, wastewater treatment, reuse and discharge, industrial sources of air pollutions, inventories, air pollution control, solid waste and hazardous waste characteristics, treatments, and management.
Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, industries, mills, and mining operations. It has existed since the start of the Industrial Revolution (Pink 2006). Some examples of industrial wastes are chemical solvents, paints, sandpaper, paper products, industrial by‐products, metals, plastics, and radioactive wastes.
Toxic waste, chemical waste, industrial solid waste, and municipal solid waste are designations of industrial wastes. Sewage treatment plants can treat some industrial wastes, i.e. those consisting of conventional pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), and total suspended solid (TSS). Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require specialized treatment systems (United States Code, Clean Water Act, Section 402(p) 33 U.S. Code §1342(p) 1999).
3.2 Wastewater Sources
3.2.1 Point Source
Point source water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable ...
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