© Andreas François Vermeulen 2020
A. F. VermeulenIndustrial Machine Learninghttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5316-8_13

13. Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

Andreas François Vermeulen1 
(1)
West Kilbride, UK
 

Let’s go over the first, second, and third revolutions and then dig into the fourth one.

The First Industrial Revolution (1IR) used water and steam power to mechanize production. Typically agricultural, rural civilizations became manufacturing and urban. The iron and textile businesses exploded into existence thanks to the development of the steam engine. This single discovery pushed the people of the land into factories. The steam engine started in 1698 and by 1733 only 104 steam engines were in use in the United Kingdom. In 1753 it arrived ...

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