NOTES

Introduction

1. Assumes life cycle revenues and profit margins typical for the industry. See Aaron Smith, “Merck’s Other Big Problem: Zocor,” CNNMoney.com, January 30, 2006, http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/30/news/companies/merck/index.htm.

2. See Dan Moren, “Analysis: Inside Apple’s iPod Sales Figures,” Macworld.com, January 31, 2008, http://www.macworld.com/article/131874/2008/01/ipodsales.html for sales data; R&D data and spending levels of Apple’s competitors are based on the authors’ research.

3. “Ritz Roulette £1.3m Win Scam,” GamblingGates.com, December 7, 2004, http://www.gamblinggates.com/news/casino/ritz_roulette_scam24041.html.

4. The iPod also relied on the iTunes desktop music management software, itself an existing technology ...

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