Inorganic Battery Materials

Electrode and Electrolyte Interaction in Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

Xiaowei Teng

University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA

1. 1 Introduction
2. 2 Electrode and Electrolyte Interaction in Extendingthe Potential Window of Aqueous Energy Storage
3. 3 Electrode and Water Interaction in Improving the Kinetics of Aqueous Energy Storage
4. 4 Future Research Directions
5. 5 Acknowledgments
6. 6 Abbreviations and Acronyms
7. 7 References

1 Introduction

Developing large‐scale stationary electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems efficiently and economically storing the energy generated from renewable sources (e.g., solar or wind) are essential priorities to withstand the gaps between the peak production and peak consumption.(1,2) Rechargeable nonaqueous lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have advanced rapidly in the past twenty years with much improved energy density, widely used from portable electronics to electrical vehicles.(3) However, high cost and safety concerns make the current LIBs less appealing for large‐scale stationary EES systems, where cost, safety, and cycle life become important in addition to mere energy density.(4,5) The high safety risk of nonaqueous LIBs is attributed to the usage of flammable electrodes and organic electrolytes, as well as the hazard of thermal runaway reaction is attributed to the high reactivity of electrode materials and electrolytes.(6,7) Their high cost is due to the high price of transition metals, Li metal, organic electrolytes and the requirement ...