Data conversion
Digital-to-analogue conversion
Real-world interfacing challenges engineers to produce circuits which maximize the features of the PC as replacements for traditional analogue designs. Personal computers use standard buses to connect a wide variety of I/O cards to the outside world. Another plug-in board is all that is needed to change the application. There are several buses which must be considered. The two most commonly encountered in a PC are the ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) which has been described on page 100. Another, which is also seen is the PCI (Personal Computer Interface). This is much more sophisticated, and when a PCI device is added to a PCI compliant PC, the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) assigns various ...
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