Internet of Things

6Cloud and Fog Computing for the IoT

6.1 Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is an increasing trend, involving the move to external deployment of IT resources, which are then offered as services [197]. Cloud Computing enables convenient and on‐demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage elements, applications, and services). These can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction [198]. At the hardware level, a number of physical devices, including processors, hard drives, and network devices, fulfill processing and storage needs. Above this, a combination of a software layer, a virtualization layer, and a management layer, allows effective management of servers.

The available service models are as follows:

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): provides processing, storage, networks, and other computing resources, allowing the consumer to deploy and run arbitrary software, including OSs and applications. The consumer has control over the OSs, storage, deployed applications and, possibly, limited control of select networking components.
• Platform as a Service (PaaS): provides the capability to deploy infrastructure and consumer‐created or acquired applications. The consumer has no control over the underlying infrastructure (e.g., network, servers, OSs, or storage) but only manages deployed applications.
• Software as a Service (SaaS): provides the capability to use the provider's ...