Internet of Things

3Introduction to the Technologies of the Ecosystem of the Internet of Things

By presenting the elements related to the context, the architecture and the protocols of the world of connected objects (CO), we will highlight the major scientific problems to be solved: precise identification of each object in a network, standardization and normalization of data transfer protocols, machine to machine (M2M) communication, encryption and security, legal status, and architectures of the Internet of Things (IoT).

Manufacturers build their products and services based on specific and sometimes proprietary architectures, thus rendering impossible the full comprehension of the product functioning. Interoperability between applications is limited by the will of companies to develop such proprietary models. As a result, Apple products are not compatible with Google products, Google products with Amazon products and so on.

The need for a common architecture is all the more important because it would make it possible to homogenize the conception of systems and favor compatibility and accessibility; it would also accelerate the development process and pave the way for new functionalities. Among the numerous architectures under development, models with common properties are beginning to emerge. We note the appearance of three-tier architecture and layered architecture which, in the end, are proven to be relatively close. Finally, since 2015, a Request For Comments (RFC)¹ has been dedicated to ...