Chapter 1. How Humans Learn

Computers can, in theory, emulate human intelligence, and exceed it.

—Stephen Hawking, 2014

Modern fiction is full of supercomputers capable of generically crunching any sort of data to produce human-intelligible results. An extremely popular example is HAL 9000—the computer that governs the spaceship Discovery in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Another famous one is JARVIS (Just A Rather Very Intelligent System), the computer that, much like today’s Alexa or Cortana, serves as the home assistant for Tony Stark in the Marvel Comics and related movies. Yet another example, though not as widely popular as HAL 9000 or JARVIS, is Max—the supercomputer operated by Hiram Yeager in many of Clive Cussler’s fictional ...

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