7.5 Breaking DES
DES was the standard cryptographic system for the last 20 years of the twentieth century, but, in the latter half of this period, DES was showing signs of age. In this section we discuss the breaking of DES.
From 1975 onward, there were questions regarding the strength of DES. Many in the academic community complained about the size of the DES keys, claiming that a 56-bit key was insufficient for security. In fact, a few months after the NBS release of DES, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman published a paper titled “Exhaustive cryptanalysis of the NBS Data Encryption Standard” [Diffie-Hellman2] in which they estimated that a machine could be built for $20 million (in 1977 dollars) that would crack DES in roughly a day. This ...
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