Introduction to Cryptography with Coding Theory, 3rd Edition

11.5 SHA-3/Keccak

In 2006, NIST announced a competition to produce a new hash function to serve alongside SHA-2. The new function was required to be at least as secure as SHA-2 and to have the same four output possibilities. Fifty-one entries were submitted, and in 2012, Keccak was announced as the winner. It was certified as a standard by NIST in 2012 in FIPS-202. (The name is pronounced “ketchak”. It has been suggested that the name is related to “Kecak,” a type of Balinese dance. Perhaps the movement of the dancers is analogous to the movement of the bits during the algorithm.) This algorithm became the hash function SHA-3.

The SHA-3 algorithm was developed by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, and Gilles Van Assche from STMicroelectronics and Michaël ...