©  Armando Vieira, Bernardete Ribeiro 2018
Armando Vieira and Bernardete RibeiroIntroduction to Deep Learning Business Applications for Developershttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3453-2_3

3. Deep Neural Network Models

Armando Vieira1  and Bernardete Ribeiro2
(1)
Linköping, Sweden
(2)
Coimbra, Portugal
 

The concept of deep learning originated from artificial neural networks research, in which feed-forward neural networks or multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) with many hidden layers are often referred as deep neural networks (DNNs).

The MLP networks are generally trained by a gradient descent algorithm, designated by backpropagation (BP). The idea of BP is simple: for each set of input/output, you compare the signal from the last layer of the neural network ...

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