Introduction to Hybrid Vehicle System Modeling and Control

Chapter 3: Hybrid Vehicle System Modeling

The modeling objectives generally determine the accuracy and architecture requirements of a mathematical model, the employed methodology, and required time to build the model. For instance, the mathematical model for analysis, design, and diagnosis should be more accurate than the model for prediction. Since an HEV has at least two power sources, its analysis, design, and calibration tasks are much more complex and challenging than that of a conventional vehicle; therefore, it is important for a hybrid vehicle engineer to be familiar with the mathematical models of the major components or subsystems. The objective of this chapter is to provide engineers with more practical, up-to-date, and comprehensive models of a hybrid vehicle system. The mathematical models are given in this chapter, including the engine, motor, energy storage subsystem, drivetrain, vehicle body, and driver.

3.1 Modeling of internal combustion engine

The ICE converts the fuel's chemical energy into mechanical energy through the internal combustion process, which creates high-temperature and high-pressure gases that act directly to cause movement of the solid parts such as pistons. The work process of the ICE is very complex, and various models have been developed for different purposes. The model presented in this section exclusively describes the input–output static mechanical characteristics of an ICE and is limited to hybrid vehicle system performance analysis. The ...