The circumference of a circle makes an angle of 360° or 2π rad at its center. If the circumference is divided into 360 equal parts, each segment will make an angle of 1°. The angle is the ratio of circumference to the radius of the circle. Each degree is divided into 60 min of an arc and each minute is divided into 60 s of an arc. Therefore, angle measurement is linked to the length and hence is traceable to the standard meter through various kinds of techniques and instrumentation. Angle gauges with different tolerances are used to transfer secondary length standards to the laboratories and industry. We will discuss optical methods to measure angles. These include autocollimator, goniometer, ...
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