Length is one of the basic quantities whose measurement plays a vital role in science, engineering, trade, and so on. Optical systems such as microscopes, telescopes, and interferometers are used for the length measurement; choice depends on the requirement. The microscopes and telescopes utilize mechanical scales for measurements. There are several optical techniques that are used for setting purposes, thereby enhancing the accuracy of measurement. Interferometers utilize wavelength of light as the measuring stick. In this chapter, we discuss techniques and methods that use light wavelength as the measurement unit rather than calibrated mechanical scales. Earlier the interferometric measurement of ...
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