15Voltage and Current Sources: Circuit Analysis

15.1 Introduction

In this chapter, we will examine voltage and current sources and elements used actively to simplify and perform circuit analysis.

15.2 Independent DC Voltage Sources

An ideal voltage source is a two‐terminal device that can provide a constant voltage and zero internal resistance and can supply or absorb an infinite amount of power.

In real life, voltage sources will have voltages reduced if the load is too demanding and have a limited capacity to provide or absorb voltage.

Figure 15.1 shows their symbol and a circuit using a DC voltage source.

A circuit with a DC voltage source and a resistor (R).

Figure 15.1 DC voltage source and a resistor.

15.3 Independent AC Voltage Sources

An AC voltage source works by the same principles as a DC voltage source but provides alternating voltage that follows a uniform pattern and has a constant frequency.

Figure 15.2 shows their symbol and a circuit using an AC voltage source.

A circuit with AC voltage source and a resistor (R).

Figure 15.2 AC voltage source and a resistor.

15.4 Dependent Voltage Sources

A dependent voltage source is a source that provides voltages which values depend on a voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit.

Dependent voltage sources are useful, for example, in examining the behavior of amplifiers ...

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