Noise
Abstract
The basics of noise, including thermal (white noise), shot noise, and 1/f noise are described. Several examples of operational amplifier noise calculations are given, focusing on practical engineering approximations.
Keywords
Noise; thermal noise; white noise; Johnson noise; shot noise; noise bandwidth; flicker noise; excess noise; popcorn noise; bipolar transistor noise; op-amp noise; SNR; signal-to-noise ratio; noise figure; pickup; magnetic field pickup; electric field pickup
“Statistical fluctuation of electric charge exists in all conductors, producing random variation of potential between the ends of the conductor.”
—J. B. Johnson, “Thermal Agitation of Electricity in Conductors”, Physical Review, vol. 32, pp. 97–109 ...
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