Structure of polymers after ion beam treatment
The treatment of polymers by ion implantation changes their color from rainbow-like and brownish yellow to brown and silver-like. The optical absorbance in the UV-Visible transmission spectra of the polymers can be used for the calibration of the ion implantation treatment fluence. The carbonization of the surface layer is characterised by D and G peaks in the Raman spectrum. The radicals in graphite-like structures and their kinetics are detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The carbonisation and oxidation effects are observed by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gel-fractions thicker than the ion penetration ...
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