Java, A Beginner's Guide, 5th Edition, 5th Edition

Declaring Loop Control Variables Inside the for Loop

Often the variable that controls a for loop is needed only for the purposes of the loop and is not used elsewhere. When this is the case, it is possible to declare the variable inside the initialization portion of the for. For example, the following program computes both the summation and the factorial of the numbers 1 through 5. It declares its loop control variable i inside the for.

When you declare a variable inside a for loop, there is one important point to remember: the scope of that variable ends when the for statement does. (That is, the scope of the variable is limited to the for loop.) ...