Chapter 4. Interacting with Databases through the Java Persistence API
The Java Persistence API (JPA) is an object-relational mapping (ORM) API. ORM tools help us to automate the mapping of Java objects to relational database tables. Earlier versions of J2EE used Entity Beans as the standard approach for ORM. Entity Beans attempted to always keep the data in memory synchronized with the database data, a good idea in theory, however, in practice this feature resulted in poorly performing applications.
Several ORM APIs were developed to overcome the limitations of Entity Beans, such as Hibernate, iBatis, Cayenne, and TopLink, among others.
Java EE 5 deprecated Entity Beans in favor of JPA. JPA took ideas from several ORM tools and incorporated them ...
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