book

Java Thread Programming

Name: Java Thread Programming
Author: Paul Hyde
ISBN: 0672315858

by Paul Hyde

August 1999

Intermediate to advanced

528 pages

10h 53m

English

Sams

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Copyright
Dedication
About the Author
Acknowledgments
Tell Us What You Think!
Introduction
Structure of This BookChapter 1—"Introduction to Threads"Chapter 2—"A Simple Two-Thread Example"Chapter 3—"Creating and Starting a Thread"Chapter 4—"Implementing Runnable Versus Extending Thread"Chapter 5—"Gracefully Stopping Threads"Chapter 6—"Thread Prioritization"Chapter 7—"Concurrent Access to Objects and Variables"Chapter 8—"Inter-thread Communication"Chapter 9—"Threads and Swing"Chapter 10—"Thread Groups"Chapter 11—"Self-Running Objects"Chapter 12—"Exception Callback"Chapter 13—"Thread Pooling"Chapter 14—"Waiting For the Full Timeout"Chapter 15—"Breaking Out of a Blocked I/O State"Chapter 16—"The SureStop Utility"Chapter 17—"The BooleanLock Utility"Chapter 18—"First-In-First-Out (FIFO) Queue"Appendixes: The Thread API and The ThreadGroup APIConventions Used in This Book
I. Threads
1. Introduction to Threads
What Is a Thread?Why Use Multiple Threads?Better Interaction with the UserSimulation of Simultaneous ActivitiesExploitation of Multiple ProcessorsDo Other Things While Waiting for Slow I/O OperationsSimplify Object ModelingWhen Multiple Threads Might Not Be GoodJava's Built-in Thread SupportEasy to Start, Tough to Master
2. A Simple Two-Thread Example
Extending the java.lang.Thread ClassOverriding the run() MethodSpawning a New ThreadPutting It All TogetherSummary
3. Creating and Starting a Thread
Using Thread.currentThread()Naming a Thread: getName() and setName()Using getName()Using setName()Thread ConstructorsEnlivening a Thread: start() and isAlive()Using Thread.sleep()Summary
4. Implementing Runnable Versus Extending Thread
Visual Timer Graphical ComponentExtending Thread and JComponent?Interface java.lang.RunnablePassing a Runnable Object to a Thread's ConstructorModifying SecondCounter to Use RunnableChecking the Accuracy of SecondCounterImproving the Accuracy of SecondCounterSummary
5. Gracefully Stopping Threads
Interrupting a Thread: interrupt()Interrupting a Sleeping ThreadPending InterruptsUsing isInterrupted()Using Thread.interrupted()Using InterruptedExceptionSuspending and Resuming Thread ExecutionUsing the Deprecated Methods suspend() and resume()Suspending at a Bad TimeSuspending and Resuming Without Deprecated MethodsStopping a ThreadUsing the Deprecated Method stop()An Alternative to stop()The Best Replacement for stop(), suspend(), and resume()Daemon ThreadsSummary

6. Thread Prioritization
System Thread PrioritiesThread Priority ConstantsThread.MAX_PRIORITYThread.MIN_PRIORITYThread.NORM_PRIORITYDetermining the Current Priority: getPriority()Changing the Priority of a Thread: setPriority()When setPriority() Might Not WorkThread StatesPriorities and SchedulingVoluntarily Relinquishing the Processor: Thread.yield()Thread-Scheduling ScenariosScenario I: One High-Priority Thread Hogs ProcessorScenario II: All High-Priority Threads Hog ProcessorScenario III: All Threads Get Some Time on the ProcessorSummary
7. Concurrent Access to Objects and Variables
volatile Member Variable Modifiersynchronized Method ModifierTwo Threads Simultaneously in the Same Method of One ObjectOne Thread at a TimeTwo Threads, Two ObjectsAvoiding Accidental Corruption of an ObjectDeferring Access to an Object While It Is Inconsistentsynchronized Statement BlockReducing the Time That the Lock Is HeldLocking an Object Other Than thisSafely Copying the Contents of a Vector into an Arraystatic synchronized MethodsUsing the Class-Level Lock in a synchronized StatementSynchronization and the Collections APIWrapping Collections to Make Them synchronizedSafely Copying the Contents of a List into an ArraySafely Iterating Through the Elements of a CollectionDeadlocksDeadlock AvoidanceSpeeding Concurrent AccessSummary
8. Inter-thread Communication
The Need for Inter-thread SignalingThe Wait/Notify MechanismMinimal Wait/NotifyTypical Wait/NotifyWait/Notify with synchronized MethodsObject API Used for Wait/Notifynotify()notifyAll()wait()wait(long)wait(long, int)When to Use notifyAll() Instead of notify()Missed NotificationMissedNotifyMissedNotifyFixEarly NotificationEarlyNotifyEarlyNotifyFixCubbyHole ExampleUsing join() to Wait for a Thread to Diejoin()join(long)join(long, int)JoinDemoStreaming Data Between Threads Using PipesPipedBytesPipedCharactersUsing ThreadLocal and InheritableThreadLocalThreadLocal APIThreadIDInheritableThreadLocal APIInheritableThreadIDSummary
9. Threads and Swing
Why Isn't the Swing Toolkit Multithread-Safe?Using SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait()Using SwingUtilities.invokeLater()Using SwingUtilities.isEventDispatchThread()When invokeAndWait() and invokeLater() Are Not NeededThe Need for Worker Threads in a GUI SettingUsing a Worker Thread to Relieve the Event ThreadScrolling Text in a Custom ComponentAnimating a Set of ImagesDisplaying Elapsed Time on a JLabelFloating Components Around Inside a ContainerSummary
10. Thread Groups
What Are Thread Groups?Using getParent()Finding the Subgroups of a Thread GroupUsing the getThreadGroup() Method of ThreadFinding All the Threads in a Thread GroupUnderstanding Thread Group SecurityUsing setMaxPriority() and getMaxPriority()Using interrupt()Deprecated Methods: stop(), suspend(), and resume()Class ThreadViewerSummary
II. Techniques
11. Self-Running Objects
Simple Self-Running ClassUsing an Inner Class to Hide run()Additional Functionality to ConsiderExample: Animated Images on a JComponentSummary
12. Exception Callback
ExceptionListener InterfaceAdditional Methods to Support ExceptionListenerSummary
13. Thread Pooling
Benefits of Thread PoolingConsiderations and Costs of Thread PoolingA Generic Thread Pool: ThreadPoolA Specialized Worker Thread Pool: HttpServerClass HttpServerClass HttpWorkerSample Files to Be ServedRunning HttpServer with 3 WorkersRunning HttpServer with 10 WorkersSummary
14. Waiting for the Full Timeout
Accidentally Returning EarlyDetermining If wait() Should Be Invoked AgainA General-Purpose Wait-Until PatternSummary
15. Breaking Out of a Blocked I/O State
The read() Method Ignores Interrupts and Stop RequestsClosing a Stream to Break Out of the Blocked StateClass CalcServer and Breaking Out of a Blocked accept()Class CalcWorker and Breaking Out of a Blocked read()Class CalcClientOutput When RunThrowing InterruptedIOException When InterruptedClass ThreadedInputStreamClass BufferedThreadedInputStreamUsing BufferedThreadedInputStream for Interruptible I/OSummary
16. The SureStop Utility
Guidelines for Using SureStopThe SureStop ClassPeering Inside Using SureStopVerboseWatching It Work with SureStopDemoSummary
17. The BooleanLock Utility
BackgroundBooleanLock ClassInter-Thread Signaling Using BooleanLockAvoiding Blocking on synchronizedSyncBlockInterruptibleSyncBlockNoticing Brief Changes in Value Using TransitionDetectorSummary
18. First-In-First-Out (FIFO) Queue
How a FIFO Queue WorksImplementing a FIFO with an ArraySimple Implementation in Java: SimpleObjectFIFOAn Expanded FIFO Queue for Object References: ObjectFIFOA FIFO Queue for Bytes: ByteFIFOSummary
III. Appendixes
A. The Thread API
Member VariablesThread.MAX_PRIORITYThread.MIN_PRIORITYThread.NORM_PRIORITYConstructorsThread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable)Thread(ThreadGroup, String)Thread(Runnable, String)Thread(Runnable)Thread(String)Thread()static methodsThread.activeCount()Thread.currentThread()Thread.dumpStack()Thread.enumerate()Thread.interrupted()Thread.sleep(long)Thread.sleep(long, int)Thread.yield()Instance MethodscheckAccess()destroy()getContextClassLoader()getName()getPriority()getThreadGroup()interrupt()isAlive()isDaemon()isInterrupted()join()join(long)join(long, int)run()setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader)setDaemon(boolean)setName(String)setPriority(int)start()toString()Deprecated MethodscountStackFrames()resume()stop()stop(Throwable)suspend()
B. The ThreadGroup API
ConstructorsThreadGroup(ThreadGroup, String)ThreadGroup(String)Instance MethodsactiveCount()activeGroupCount()checkAccess()destroy()enumerate(Thread[], boolean)enumerate(Thread[])enumerate(ThreadGroup[], boolean)enumerate(ThreadGroup[])getMaxPriority()getName()getParent()interrupt()isDaemon()isDestroyed()list()parentOf(ThreadGroup)setDaemon(boolean)setMaxPriority(int)toString()uncaughtException(Thread, Throwable)Deprecated MethodsallowThreadSuspension(boolean)resume()stop()suspend()

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the many people who have helped to bring this book to fruition.

All the people at Macmillan Publishing have been a great help. In particular, I'd like to thank Steve Anglin, the Acquisitions Editor at Macmillan, for taking my idea and forming it into a practical project. He championed the concept within Macmillan and got the whole process started. This is my first book, and Steve has been a great guide for me throughout the process. His continual attention and encouragement helped keep me going.

Tiffany Taylor, the Development Editor at Macmillan, helped me to find my voice and style. She also made sure that what I thought made sense actually made sense! Her guidance has been invaluable throughout the writing ...

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Java Thread Programming

by Paul Hyde

Acknowledgments

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