23.5. Thread Synchronization
When multiple threads share an object and that object is modified by one or more of the threads, indeterminate results may occur (as we will see in the examples) unless access to the shared object is managed properly. If one thread is in the process of updating a shared object and another thread also tries to update it, it is unclear which thread’s update takes effect. When this happens, the program’s behavior cannot be trusted—sometimes the program will produce the correct results, and sometimes it won’t. In either case, there will be no indication that the shared object was manipulated incorrectly.
The problem can be solved by giving only one thread at a time exclusive access to code that manipulates the shared ...
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