Kerberos: The Definitive Guide

Chapter 1. Introduction

Who are you? It’s a question with an obvious response, at least for people. Humans have the ability to distinguish one another through several senses; most commonly, we use our sense of vision to recognize people we have met before. We also can tell one another apart through other means, such as body language, speech patterns and accents, and shared secrets between people. It has even been shown that newborn babies can discern between their mother and other females solely through their scent. Our ability to recognize patterns in our surroundings provides us with this ability to determine the identity of, or authenticate , people we know.

However, when you bring a computer into the picture, the situation changes dramatically. Computers (at least today’s computers) don’t have eyes, ears, or noses. Even if they did, the current state-of-the-art in pattern recognition is still woefully inaccurate for widespread use. While there is a lot of research in this area, the most common method by far for authenticating people to computers is through passwords. A password, also known as a shared secret , is the one critical piece of information that determines whether the person behind the keyboard really is whom they claim to be. While humans sometimes use this shared secret method—for example, a secret handshake, or perhaps the knowledge of obscure trivia—computers almost exclusively use shared secrets to authenticate people.

There are two issues with passwords as used ...