September 2012
Intermediate to advanced
376 pages
6h 44m
English
Strategic perspective
Operational processes and supply chain perspective
Key performance question this indicator helps to answer
To what extent are our investments in innovation generating a return?
Companies are spending on average 3.5% of their revenues on research, development and innovation activities. This can go much higher for manufacturing companies (around 7%) or high-tech or pharmaceutical companies (around 15%). While in accounting terms R&D spending is viewed as a sunk cost that has to be written off, companies see R&D as an investment in the future. They are hoping that their innovation pipeline (see previous KPI) is delivering future revenues.
Given ...
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