book

Kubernetes for Developers

by William Denniss

March 2024

Beginner

320 pages

9h 12m

English

Manning Publications

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prefaceacknowledgmentsabout this bookWho should read the bookHow this book is organizedAbout the codeliveBook discussion forumAdditional online resourcesabout the authorabout the cover illustration
1.1 Why containers?1.1.1 Container benefits1.2 Why Kubernetes?1.2.1 Composable building blocks1.2.2 Features and benefits1.2.3 Kubernetes vs. platforms as a service1.2.4 When (not) to use KubernetesSummary
2.1 Building Docker containers2.1.1 Developer setup2.1.2 Running commands in Docker2.1.3 Building our own images2.1.4 Using base images2.1.5 Adding a default command2.1.6 Adding dependencies2.1.7 Compiling code in Docker2.1.8 Compiling code with a multistage build2.2 Containerizing a server application2.2.1 Containerizing an application server2.2.2 Debugging2.3 Using Docker Compose for local testing2.3.1 Mapping folders locally2.3.2 Adding service dependencies2.3.3 Faking external dependenciesSummary
3.1 Kubernetes architecture3.1.1 The Kubernetes cluster3.1.2 Kubernetes objects3.2 Deploying an application3.2.1 Creating a cluster3.2.2 Uploading your container3.2.3 Deploying to Kubernetes3.2.4 The PodSpec3.2.5 Publishing your Service3.2.6 Interacting with the Deployment3.2.7 Updating your application3.2.8 Cleaning up3.3 Imperative commands3.4 Local Kubernetes environments3.4.1 Docker Desktop’s Kubernetes cluster3.4.2 Minikube3.4.3 Using your local Kubernetes clusterSummary

4.1 Automated uptime with health checks4.1.1 Liveness and readiness probes4.1.2 Adding a readiness probe4.1.3 Adding a liveness probe4.1.4 Designing good health checks4.1.5 Rescheduling unready containers4.1.6 Probe types4.2 Updating live applications4.2.1 Rolling update strategy4.2.2 Re-create strategy4.2.3 Blue/green strategy4.2.4 Choosing a rollout strategySummary
5.1 Pod scheduling5.1.1 Specifying Pod resources5.1.2 Quality of service5.1.3 Evictions, priority, and preemption5.2 Calculating Pod resources5.2.1 Setting memory requests and limits5.2.2 Setting CPU requests and limits5.2.3 Reducing costs by overcommitting CPU5.2.4 Balancing Pod replicas and internal Pod concurrencySummary
6.1 Scaling Pods and nodes6.2 Horizontal Pod autoscaling6.2.1 External metrics6.3 Node autoscaling and capacity planning6.3.1 Cluster autoscaling6.3.2 Spare capacity with cluster autoscaling6.4 Building your app to scale6.4.1 Avoiding state6.4.2 Microservice architectures6.4.3 Background tasksSummary
7.1 Internal services7.1.1 Kubernetes cluster networking7.1.2 Creating an internal service7.1.3 Service discovery7.2 Ingress: HTTP(S) load balancing7.2.1 Securing connections with TLSSummary
8.1 Node feature selection8.1.1 Node selectors8.1.2 Node affinity and anti-affinity8.1.3 Tainting nodes to prevent scheduling by default8.1.4 Workload separation8.2 Placing Pods8.2.1 Building highly available deployments8.2.2 Co-locating interdependent Pods8.2.3 Avoiding certain Pods8.3 Debugging placement problems8.3.1 Placement rules don’t appear to work8.3.2 Pods are pendingSummary
9.1 Volumes, persistent volumes, claims, and storage classes9.1.1 Volumes9.1.2 Persistent volumes and claims9.1.3 Storage classes9.1.4 Single-Pod stateful workload deployments9.2 StatefulSet9.2.1 Deploying StatefulSet9.2.2 Deploying a multirole StatefulSet9.3 Migrating/recovering disks9.4 Generic ephemeral volume for scratch spaceSummary
10.1 Background processing queues10.1.1 Creating a custom task queue10.1.2 Signal handling in worker Pods10.1.3 Scaling worker Pods10.1.4 Open source task queues10.2 Jobs10.2.1 Running one-off tasks with Jobs10.2.2 Scheduling tasks with CronJobs10.3 Batch task processing with Jobs10.3.1 Dynamic queue processing with Jobs10.3.2 Static queue processing with Jobs10.4 Liveness probes for background tasksSummary
11.1 Production and staging environments using namespaces11.1.1 Deploying to our new namespace11.1.2 Syncing mutations from the cluster11.2 Configuration as code the Kubernetes way11.3 Rolling out safely11.3.1 Deployment pipelines11.3.2 Continuous deployment with Cloud Build11.4 Secrets11.4.1 String-based (password) secrets11.4.2 Base64 encoded secrets11.4.3 File-based secrets11.4.4 Secrets and GitOpsSummary
12.1 Staying up to date12.1.1 Cluster and node updates12.1.2 Updating containers12.1.3 Handling disruptions12.2 Deploying node agents with DaemonSet12.3 Pod security context12.4 Non-root containers12.5 Admission controllers12.5.1 Pod Security admission12.5.2 Balancing security with compatibility12.6 Role-based access control12.7 Next steps12.7.1 Network policies12.7.2 Container isolation12.7.3 Cluster hardeningSummary

Overview

A clear and practical beginner’s guide that shows you just how easy it can be to make the switch to Kubernetes!

Kubernetes for Developers reveals practical and painless methods for deploying your apps on Kubernetes—even for small-to-medium sized applications! You’ll learn how to migrate your existing apps onto Kubernetes without a rebuild, and implement modern cloud native architectures that can handle your future growth.

Inside, you’ll learn how to:

Containerize a web application with Docker
Host a containerized app on Kubernetes with a public cloud service
Save money and improve performance with cloud native technologies
Make your deployments reliable and fault tolerant
Prepare your deployments to scale without a redesign
Monitor, debug and tune application deployments on Kubernetes

Designed for busy working developers, this hands-on guide helps your first steps into Kubernetes using the powerful Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) service. Learn how the GKE’s powerful automation tools can perform automatic checks and scaling, giving you more time to spend developing great applications. You’ll soon see that you don’t need to incur huge costs or have the manpower of an enterprise organization to get a productivity boost from Kubernetes!

About the Technology
Modern software needs to perform at scale while effectively handling load balancing, state and security. Kubernetes makes these tasks easier and more reliable for apps of any size. This book, written especially for software developers creating applications that run on Kubernetes, shows you exactly how to address these and other important issues.

About the Book
Kubernetes for Developers covers everything you need to know to containerize and deploy an app on Kubernetes from the developer’s perspective. You’ll start by creating a small application you can run on a cloud-based Kubernetes cluster. Then, you’ll systematically explore best practices for stable long-term deployment, including scaling, capacity planning, and resource optimization.

What's Inside

Deploying reliable web applications using automated operations
Scaling up without an application redesign
Monitoring, debugging, and tuning workloads

About the Reader
For developers familiar with building or deploying web applications. No Docker or Kubernetes experience required.

About the Author
William Denniss is a product manager at Google working on Google Kubernetes Engine.

Quotes
A comprehensive and easy to consume guide with a focus on actually using Kubernetes. It speaks to the vast majority of developers who just want to get their work done and deployed.
- Tim Hockin, Google

A stand out in the crowd of Kubernetes resources. It’s easy to follow, and provides highly focused practical examples.
- Kevin Deggelman, San Francisco Giants

Make your engineering team read this book. It shuts the door on any delays in adopting Kubernetes.
- Dan Garfield, Codefresh

The perfect complement to Kubernetes in Action. Developers need this book.
- Pierre-Michel Ansel, 8x8