Notes

Chapter 1

1. In some nations, such as the United Kingdom, costs are increasing based on deliberate choices to boost spending because of perceived deficiencies in the system.

2. U.S. Census Bureau (2001, 2002); DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Mills (2005). In 1987, there were 31 million uninsured Americans. The percentage of uninsured Americans rose from 12.9 percent in 1987 to 15.7 percent in 2004. The rise was continuous except for a brief decline in 1999-2000.

3. Starfield (2000b).

4. Commonwealth Fund/Harvard/Harris Interactive (2001); Blendon et al. (2003).

5. Ibid.

6. OECD data cited in Friedman (2001) and World Health Organization (2004).

7. These results may be significantly affected by poor access to primary care; see Starfield (2000b). ...

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