Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules

Chapter 5. Manipulating Complex Data Structures

Now that you’ve seen the basics of references, let’s look at additional ways to manipulate complex data. We’ll start by using the debugger to examine complex data structures and then use Data::Dumper to show the data under programmatic control. Next, you’ll learn to store and retrieve complex data easily and quickly using Storable, and finally we’ll wrap up with a review of grep and map and see how they apply to complex data.

Using the Debugger to View Complex Data

The Perl debugger can display complex data easily. For example, let’s single-step through one version of the byte-counting program from Chapter 4:

my %total_bytes;
while (<>) {
  my ($source, $destination, $bytes) = split;
  $total_bytes{$source}{$destination} += $bytes;
}
for my $source (sort keys %total_bytes) {
  for my $destination (sort keys %{ $total_bytes{$source} }) {
    print "$source => $destination:",
     " $total_bytes{$source}{$destination} bytes\n";
  }
  print "\n";
}

Here’s the data you’ll use to test it:

professor.hut gilligan.crew.hut 1250
professor.hut lovey.howell.hut 910
thurston.howell.hut lovey.howell.hut 1250
professor.hut lovey.howell.hut 450
ginger.girl.hut professor.hut 1218
ginger.girl.hut maryann.girl.hut 199

You can do this a number of ways. One of the easiest is to invoke Perl with a -d switch on the command line:

myhost% perl -d bytecounts bytecounts-in Loading DB routines from perl5db.pl version 1.19 Editor support available. Enter h or `h h' for help, or ...