Learning Python, 4th Edition

Chapter 33. Exception Coding Details

In the prior chapter we took a quick look at exception-related statements in action. Here, we’re going to dig a bit deeper—this chapter provides a more formal introduction to exception processing syntax in Python. Specifically, we’ll explore the details behind the try, raise, assert, and with statements. As we’ll see, although these statements are mostly straightforward, they offer powerful tools for dealing with exceptions in Python code.

Note

One procedural note up front: The exception story has changed in major ways in recent years. As of Python 2.5, the finally clause can appear in the same try statement as except and else clauses (previously, they could not be combined). Also, as of Python 3.0 and 2.6, the new with context manager statement has become official, and user-defined exceptions must now be coded as class instances, which should inherit from a built-in exception superclass. Moreover, 3.0 sports slightly modified syntax for the raise statement and except clauses. I will focus on the state of exceptions in Python 2.6 and 3.0 in this edition, but because you are still very likely to see the original techniques in code for some time to come, along the way I’ll point out how things have evolved in this domain.

The try/except/else Statement

Now that we’ve seen the basics, it’s time for the details. In the following discussion, I’ll first present try/except/else and try/finally as separate statements, because in versions of Python prior to ...