Common Features
The following table is a sampling of features that are common to bash and tcsh.
|
Symbol/Command |
Meaning/Action |
|---|---|
|
> |
Redirect output. |
|
>> |
Append output to file. |
|
< |
Redirect input. |
|
<< |
“Here” document (redirect input). |
|
| |
Pipe output. |
|
& |
Run process in background. |
|
; |
Separate commands on same line. |
|
* |
Match any character(s) in filename. |
|
? |
Match single character in filename. |
|
! n |
Repeat command number n. |
|
[ ] |
Match any characters enclosed. |
|
( ) |
Execute in subshell. |
|
" " |
Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion). |
|
' ' |
Preserve literal value of enclosed characters. |
|
\ |
Quote following character. |
|
$ var |
Use value for variable. |
|
$$ |
Process ID. |
|
$0 |
Command name. |
|
$ n |
nth argument (0<n≤9). |
|
$* |
All arguments. |
|
$? |
Exit status. |
|
# |
Begin comment. |
|
Tab |
Complete current word. |
|
bg |
Background execution. |
|
break |
Break from loop statements. |
|
cd |
Change directories. |
|
continue |
Resume a program loop. |
|
echo |
Display output. |
|
eval |
Evaluate arguments. |
|
exec |
Execute a new shell or other program. |
|
fg |
Foreground execution. |
|
jobs |
Show active jobs. |
|
kill |
Terminate running jobs. |
|
newgrp |
Change to a new group. |
|
shift |
Shift positional parameters. |
|
stop |
Suspend a background job. |
|
suspend |
Suspend a foreground job. |
|
umask |
Set or list permissions on files to be created. |
|
unset |
Erase variable or function definitions. |
|
wait |
Wait for a background ... |