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Linux in a Nutshell, Fourth Edition
book

Linux in a Nutshell, Fourth Edition

by Ellen Siever, Stephen Figgins, Aaron Weber
June 2003
Beginner to intermediate content levelBeginner to intermediate
944 pages
43h 1m
English
O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Content preview from Linux in a Nutshell, Fourth Edition

Common Features

The following table is a sampling of features that are common to bash and tcsh.

Symbol/Command

Meaning/Action

>

Redirect output.

>>

Append output to file.

<

Redirect input.

<<

“Here” document (redirect input).

|

Pipe output.

&

Run process in background.

;

Separate commands on same line.

*

Match any character(s) in filename.

?

Match single character in filename.

! n

Repeat command number n.

[ ]

Match any characters enclosed.

( )

Execute in subshell.

" "

Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion).

' '

Preserve literal value of enclosed characters.

\

Quote following character.

$ var

Use value for variable.

$$

Process ID.

$0

Command name.

$ n

nth argument (0<n≤9).

$*

All arguments.

$?

Exit status.

#

Begin comment.

Tab

Complete current word.

bg

Background execution.

break

Break from loop statements.

cd

Change directories.

continue

Resume a program loop.

echo

Display output.

eval

Evaluate arguments.

exec

Execute a new shell or other program.

fg

Foreground execution.

jobs

Show active jobs.

kill

Terminate running jobs.

newgrp

Change to a new group.

shift

Shift positional parameters.

stop

Suspend a background job.

suspend

Suspend a foreground job.

umask

Set or list permissions on files to be created.

unset

Erase variable or function definitions.

wait

Wait for a background ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 0596004826