CHAPTER 3 / UNIVERSAL CODES
73
Table 3.22 Some Goldbach
G 1
Representations, as Sums of Primes
Value Sums Indices Encode As Coding Length
18 1+17 1,7 1,7 1 00111
6
... 5 + 13 3,6 3,4 011 00100 8
... 7 + 11 4,5 4,2 00100 010 8
20 1 + 19 1,8 1,8 1 0001000 8
... 3 + 17 2,7 2,6 010 00110 8
... 7 + 13 4,6 4,3 00100 011 8
36 5 + 31 3,11 3,9 011 0001001 10
... 7 + 29 4,10 4,7 00100 00111 10
... 13 + 23 6,9 6,4 00110 00100 10
... 17 + 19 7,8 7,2 00111 010 8
42 1 + 41 1,13 1,13 1 0001011 8
... 5 + 37 3,12 3,10 011 0001010 10
... 11 + 31 5,11 5,7 00101 00111 10
... 13 + 29 6,10 6,5 00110 00101 10
... 19 + 23 8,9 8,2 0001000 010 10
Table 3.23 Basis Integers for Additive Code Add256
0 1 3 5 7 9 10 21
23 25 27 28 39 41 43 45
47 50 58 76 87 98 102 106
118 120 122 124 135 154 166 183
202 214 231 250
36 values(54 primes)Seeds = 10,28,50
as for the first Goldbach code. A typical set of basis integers to encode integers up to 256 is shown
in Table 3.23.
The Additive code Addm is designed to encode integers N < m (and might not encode N > m).
The set of basis integers is generated by a sieve, recording the values that can be generated by
adding members of the set-so-far. A value which cannot be formed is included as the next member
of the basis set. Suitable seeds are introduced to facilitate code generation; seed values are found
by a computer search to minimize, for example, the average length of the generated code.
3.13 WHEELER 1/2 CODE AND RUN-LENGTHS
The codes of this section are embedded in a character stream and encode the length of run-length
compressed strings.
A simple method, used in some Burrows-Wheeler compressors, triggers run-length encoding
by a succession of say four identical characters and then encodes the length in a base-64 g code.
For example, a run of 50 A's would have the hexadecimal coding "41 41 41 41 72" and
1000X's"58 58 58 58 28 4F."

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