Chapter 9
Fractal Printed Antennas
9.1 Introduction
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses antenna design with similar fractal segments to maximize the antenna effective area. Fractal antennas are also referred to as multilevel structures with space filling curves. The key aspect lies in a repetition of a motif over two or more scale sizes or iterations. Fractal antennas are very compact, multiband, or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communications. Several fractal antennas were described in books, papers, and patents [1–15].
9.2 Fractal structures
A curve, with endpoints, is represented by a continuous function whose domain is the unit interval [0, 1]. The curve may line in a plane or in a 3D space. ...
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