Chapter 11
Radio Frequency Measurements
11.1 Introduction
S-parameter measurements are the first stage in electromagnetics and antenna measurements. It is more convenient to measure antenna measurements in the receiving mode. If the measured antenna is reciprocal the antenna radiation characteristics are identical for the receiving and transmitting modes. Active antennas are not reciprocal. Radiation characteristics of antennas are usually measured in the far field. Far-field antenna measurements suffer from some disadvantages. A long free space area is needed. Reflections from the ground from walls affect measured results and add errors to measured results. It is difficult and almost impossible to measure the antenna on the antenna operating ...
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