book

Machine Learning Model Serving Patterns and Best Practices

Name: Machine Learning Model Serving Patterns and Best Practices
Author: Md Johirul Islam
ISBN: 9781803249902

by Md Johirul Islam

December 2022

Intermediate to advanced

336 pages

8h 7m

English

Packt Publishing

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Machine Learning Model Serving Patterns and Best Practices
ContributorsAbout the authorAbout the reviewer
Preface
Who this book is forWhat this book coversTo get the most out of this bookDownload the example code filesConventions usedGet in touchShare Your ThoughtsDownload a free PDF copy of this book
Part 1:Introduction to Model Serving
Chapter 1: Introducing Model Serving
Technical requirementsWhat is serving?What are models?What is model serving?Understanding the importance of model servingUsing existing tools to serve modelsSummary
Chapter 2: Introducing Model Serving Patterns
Design patterns in software engineeringUnderstanding the value of model serving patternsML serving patternsServing philosophy patternsPatterns of serving approachesSummaryFurther reading
Part 2:Patterns and Best Practices of Model Serving
Chapter 3: Stateless Model Serving
Technical requirementsUnderstanding stateful and stateless functionsStateless functionsStateful functionsExtracting states from stateful functionsUsing stateful functionsStates in machine learning modelsUsing input data as statesMitigating the impact of states from the ML modelSummary
Chapter 4: Continuous Model Evaluation
Technical requirementsIntroducing continuous model evaluationWhat to monitor in model evaluationChallenges of continuous model evaluationThe necessity of continuous model evaluationMonitoring errorsDeciding on retrainingEnhancing serving resourcesUnderstanding business impactCommon metrics for training and monitoringContinuous model evaluation use casesEvaluating a model continuouslyCollecting the ground truthPlotting metrics on a dashboardSelecting the thresholdSetting a notification for performance dropsMonitoring model performance when predicting rare classesSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 5: Keyed Prediction
Technical requirementsIntroducing keyed predictionExploring keyed prediction use casesMulti-threaded programmingMultiple instances of the model running asynchronouslyWhy the keyed prediction model is neededExploring techniques for keyed predictionPassing keys with features from the clientsRemoving keys before the predictionTagging predictions with keysCreating keysSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 6: Batch Model Serving
Technical requirementsIntroducing batch model servingWhat is batch model serving?Different types of batch model servingManual triggersAutomatic periodic triggersUsing continuous model evaluation to retrainServing for offline inferenceServing for on-demand inferenceExample scenarios of batch model servingCase 1 – recommendationCase 2 – sentiment analysisTechniques in batch model servingSetting up a periodic batch updateStoring the predictions in a persistent storePulling predictions by the server applicationLimitations of batch servingSummaryFurther reading

Chapter 7: Online Learning Model Serving
Technical requirementsIntroducing online model servingServing requestsUse cases for online model servingCase 1 – recommending the nearest emergency center during a pandemicCase 2 – predicting the favorite soccer team in a tournamentCase 3 – predicting the path of a hurricane or stormCase 4 – predicting the estimated delivery time of delivery trucksChallenges in online model servingChallenges in using newly arrived data for trainingUnderperforming of the model after online trainingOverfitting and class imbalanceIncreasing of latencyHandling concurrent requestsImplementing online model servingSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 8: Two-Phase Model Serving
Technical requirementsIntroducing two-phase model servingExploring two-phase model serving techniquesQuantized phase one modelTraining and saving an MNIST modelFull integer quantization of the model and saving the converted modelComparing the size and accuracy of the modelsSeparately trained phase one model with reduced featuresSeparately trained different modelsUse cases of two-phase model servingCase 4 – route plannersSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 9: Pipeline Pattern Model Serving
Technical requirementsIntroducing the pipeline patternA DAGStages of the machine learning pipelineIntroducing Apache AirflowGetting started with Apache AirflowCreating and starting a pipeline using Apache AirflowDemonstrating a machine learning pipeline using AirflowAdvantages and disadvantages of the pipeline patternSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 10: Ensemble Model Serving Pattern
Technical requirementsIntroducing the ensemble patternUsing ensemble pattern techniquesModel updateAggregationModel selectionCombining responsesEnd-to-end dummy example of serving the modelSummary
Chapter 11: Business Logic Pattern
Technical requirementsIntroducing the business logic patternType of business logicTechnical approaches to business logic in model servingData validationFeature transformationPrediction post-processingSummary
Part 3:Introduction to Tools for Model Serving
Chapter 12: Exploring TensorFlow Serving
Technical requirementsIntroducing TensorFlow ServingServableLoaderSourceAspired versionsManagerUsing TensorFlow Serving to serve modelsTensorFlow Serving with DockerUsing advanced model configurationsSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 13: Using Ray Serve
Technical requirementsIntroducing Ray ServeDeploymentServeHandleIngress deploymentDeployment graphUsing Ray Serve to serve a modelUsing the ensemble pattern in Ray ServeUsing Ray Serve with the pipeline patternSummaryFurther reading
Chapter 14: Using BentoML
Technical requirementsIntroducing BentoMLPreparing modelsServices and APIsBentoUsing BentoML to serve a modelSummaryFurther reading
Part 4:Exploring Cloud Solutions
Chapter 15: Serving ML Models using a Fully Managed AWS Sagemaker Cloud Solution
Technical requirementsIntroducing Amazon SageMakerAmazon SageMaker featuresUsing Amazon SageMaker to serve a modelCreating a notebook in Amazon SageMakerServing the model using Amazon SageMakerSummary
Index
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Content preview from Machine Learning Model Serving Patterns and Best Practices

3 Stateless Model Serving

In this chapter, we will talk about stateless model serving, the first pattern-based on serving philosophies. We will first talk about stateless and stateful functions to give you an introduction to these concepts. We will see that stateful functions depend on states within the model and also on the states from the previous calls. Due to these strongly coupled dependencies on states, it is difficult to scale the serving.

When serving is desired, the model is served in a stateless manner so that the model does not depend on previous calls, can be scaled easily, and the output is consistent. However, some machine learning models are by default stateful, and we can attempt to reduce the variance of the server model by ...

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ISBN: 9781803249902

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Machine Learning Model Serving Patterns and Best Practices

by Md Johirul Islam

3

Stateless Model Serving

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