Appendix A

Machine learning basics

Machine learning is a science discipline that learns patterns from data to continuously improve model performance. As a machine learning problem, machine reading comprehension (MRC) follows the same methodology. In this section, we will introduce the basics of machine learning to build the foundation for the rest of the book.

A.1 Types of machine learning

According to whether and how labeled data is used, there are three main types of machine learning: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Semisupervised Learning.

In supervised training, each training data sample includes the input and corresponding labeled output. For example, an MRC data sample includes a paragraph, a question, and a ground-truth answer ...

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