book

Managing & Using MySQL, 2nd Edition

by Tim King, George Reese, Randy Yarger, Hugh E. Williams

April 2002

Intermediate to advanced

442 pages

16h 37m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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From Tim King
I. Introduction
1. MySQL
1.1. Relational Databases
1.2. The History of MySQL
1.3. MySQL Design
1.4. MySQL Features
1.5. MySQL Applications
1.6. What You Get
2. Installation
2.1. Preparation
2.2. Unix Installation
2.2.1. Binary (Tarball) Distributions
2.2.2. Binary (RPM) Distributions
2.2.3. Source Distributions
2.3. Windows Installation
2.3.1. Windows 9x Startup
2.3.2. Windows NT/2000 Startup
3. SQL According to MySQL
3.1. SQL Basics
3.1.1. The SQL Story
3.1.2. The Design of SQL
3.1.3. Sending SQL to MySQL
3.2. Database Creation
3.3. Table Management
3.4. MySQL Data Types
3.4.1. Numeric Types
3.4.2. Character Types
3.4.3. Binary Data Types
3.4.4. Enumerations and Sets
3.4.5. Other Kinds of Data
3.5. Indexing
3.6. Managing Data
3.6.1. Inserts
3.6.2. Sequence Generation
3.6.3. Updates
3.6.4. The WHERE Clause
3.6.5. Deletes
3.7. Queries
3.7.1. Joins
3.7.2. Aliasing
3.7.3. Ordering and Grouping
3.7.3.1. Basic ordering3.7.3.2. Localized sorting3.7.3.3. Grouping
3.7.4. Limiting Results
3.8. SQL Operators
3.8.1. Logical Operators
3.8.2. Null’s Idiosyncrasies
3.8.3. Membership Tests
3.8.4. Pattern Matching
3.9. Advanced Features
3.9.1. Full Text Searching
3.9.1.1. The Basics3.9.1.2. Relevance values3.9.1.3. Boolean mode3.9.1.4. Tips
3.9.2. Transactions
3.9.3. Table Locking
3.9.4. Functions
3.9.4.1. Date functions3.9.4.2. String functions
3.9.5. Outer Joins
3.9.6. Unions
3.9.7. Batch Processing
3.9.7.1. Command-line loads3.9.7.2. The LOAD command3.9.7.3. Pulling data from MySQL
4. Database Administration
4.1. Configuration
4.1.1. File Locations
4.1.2. File Content
4.2. Server Startup and Shutdown
4.2.1. Unix/Linux
4.2.1.1. SVR44.2.1.2. Other Unix
4.2.2. Mac OS X
4.2.3. Windows NT/2000
4.3. Logging
4.3.1. The Error Log
4.3.2. The Binary Log
4.3.3. The Slow Query Log
4.3.4. Log Rotation
4.4. Backup
4.4.1. mysqldump
4.4.2. mysqlhotcopy
4.5. Recovery
4.5.1. mysqldump Recovery
4.5.2. mysqlhotcopy Recovery
4.6. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
4.6.1. Checking a Table
4.6.2. Repairing a Table
4.6.3. Scheduled Table Checking
II. MySQL Administration
5. Performance Tuning
5.1. An Approach to Performance Tuning
5.2. Application Tuning
5.2.1. Host Application Tuning
5.2.2. SQL Query Tuning
5.2.2.1. Index guidelines5.2.2.2. EXPLAIN SELECT5.2.2.3. Other options
5.3. Database Server Tuning
5.4. Operating System/Hardware Tuning
6. Security
6.1. Database Security
6.1.1. User Management
6.1.2. Privilege Management
6.1.2.1. GRANT and REVOKE6.1.2.2. The security tables
6.1.3. Recovering from Password and Permission Problems
6.2. System Security
6.2.1. Operating System Security
6.2.2. Hardware Security
6.2.3. Network Security
6.2.3.1. Network topology6.2.3.2. Encryption6.2.3.3. Direct compromise
6.3. Application Security
6.3.1. The Application Server
6.3.1.1. User management6.3.1.2. Resource protection
6.3.2. Client Applications
7. Database Design
7.1. Database Design Primer
7.1.1. Database Entities
7.1.2. Entity Attributes
7.1.3. Data Model
7.2. Normalization
7.2.1. First Normal Form
7.2.2. The Unique Identifier
7.2.3. Relationships
7.2.4. Second Normal Form
7.2.5. Kinds of Relationships
7.2.6. Refining Relationships
7.2.7. More 2NF
7.2.8. Third Normal Form
7.3. A Logical Data-Modeling Methodology
7.4. Physical Database Design
7.4.1. Tables and Columns
7.4.2. Foreign Keys
III. MySQL Programming
8. Database Applications
8.1. Architecture
8.1.1. Client/Server Architecture
8.1.1.1. Application logic8.1.1.2. Fat and thin clients
8.1.2. Distributed Application Architecture
8.1.3. Web Architecture
8.2. Connections and Transactions
8.2.1. Connections
8.2.2. Transactions
8.2.2.1. Transaction isolation levels8.2.2.2. Using READ UNCOMMITTED
8.3. Object/Relational Modeling
9. Perl
9.1. Introduction to DBI
9.1.1. Basic Perl Example
9.1.2. Setting Up the Database and Program
9.1.3. Error Handling and Attributes
9.1.4. Introducing Bind Variables and Optimizations
9.2. DBI and CGI
9.2.1. Introduction to Perl CGI
9.2.2. The Model/View/Controller Methodology
9.2.3. A Sample CGI/DBI Program
9.3. A General Model for Maintainable Perl Programs
9.3.1. A Model for Relational Data
9.3.2. Implementing the Model
9.3.2.1. The Publisher class9.3.2.2. Methods that build and execute SQL9.3.2.3. Methods that handle WHERE clauses9.3.2.4. Getter/setter methods9.3.2.5. Primary key select method9.3.2.6. Constructors9.3.2.7. The DB class9.3.2.8. The mysql class9.3.2.9. The Cache class
9.3.3. Example of the Model’s Use
10. Python
10.1. DB-API
10.1.1. The Database Connection
10.1.2. Cursors
10.1.3. Parameterized SQL
10.1.4. Other Objects
10.2. Proprietary Operations
10.3. Applied DB-API
11. PHP
11.1. Introducing PHP
11.1.1. A Short Language Primer
11.2. Installing PHP
11.2.1. Getting Started Under Unix
11.2.1.1. Installation problems
11.2.2. Getting Started Under Microsoft Windows
11.3. Accessing the MySQL DBMS with PHP
11.3.1. The Wedding Gift Registry Database
11.3.2. Opening and Using a Database Connection
11.3.3. Handling Results
11.3.4. Frequently Used MySQL Library Functions
11.3.5. Handling MySQL Errors
11.3.6. Include Files
11.4. Securing User Data
11.5. Managing Sessions
11.6. Writing Data with PHP
11.7. Using the HTML <form> Environment
11.8. Where to Find Out More
12. C API
12.1. API Overview
12.1.1. The Connection
12.1.2. Queries and Results
12.1.3. Closing the Connection
12.2. The C API in Practice
12.2.1. Support Functions
12.2.2. Quote Retrieval
12.2.3. Adding Symbols
12.3. Advanced Issues
13. Java
13.1. The JDBC API
13.1.1. The JDBC Architecture
13.1.2. Connecting to MySQL
13.1.2.1. Data source connectivity13.1.2.2. Driver manager connectivity
13.1.3. Maintaining Portability Using Properties Files
13.1.3.1. Properties files13.1.3.2. Data sources revisited
13.2. Simple Database Access
13.2.1. Queries and Result Sets
13.2.2. Error Handling and Clean Up
13.3. Dynamic Database Access
13.3.1. Metadata
13.3.2. Processing Dynamic SQL
13.4. A Guest Book Servlet
14. Extending MySQL
14.1. User-Defined Functions
14.1.1. Standard Functions
14.1.1.1. The init routine14.1.1.2. The main routine14.1.1.3. The deinit routine
14.1.2. Aggregate Functions
14.1.2.1. init14.1.2.2. reset14.1.2.3. add14.1.2.4. main14.1.2.5. deinit14.1.2.6. Aggregate example
14.1.3. Calling a UDF
14.2. Alternative Character Sets
14.2.1. Simple Character Sets
14.2.2. Complex Character Sets
IV. MySQL Reference
15. SQL Syntax for MySQL
15.1. Basic Syntax
15.1.1. Literals
15.1.2. Identifiers
15.1.3. Comments
15.2. SQL Commands
16. MySQL Data Types
16.1. Numeric Data Types
16.2. String Data Types
16.3. Date Data Types
16.4. Complex Data Types
17. Operators and Functions
17.1. Operators
17.1.1. Rules of Precedence
17.1.2. Arithmetic Operators
17.1.3. Comparison Operators
17.1.4. Logical Operators
17.2. Functions
17.2.1. Aggregate Functions
17.2.2. General Functions
18. MySQL PHP API Reference
18.1. Data Types
18.2. Functions
19. C Reference
19.1. Data Types
19.2. Functions
20. The Python DB-API
20.1. Module: MySQLdb
20.1.1. Module Attributes
20.1.2. Module Methods
20.1.3. Connection Attributes
20.1.4. Connection Methods
20.1.5. Cursor Attributes
20.1.6. Cursor Methods
Index
About the Authors
Colophon
Copyright

Content preview from Managing & Using MySQL, 2nd Edition

Object/Relational Modeling

Accessing a relational database from an object-oriented environment exposes a special paradox: the relational world manipulates data directly while the object world encapsulates data behind a set of behaviors. In an object-oriented application, the database serves as a tool for saving objects across application instances. Instead of seeing the query data as a rowset, an object-oriented application sees query data as a collection of objects.

The most basic question facing the object-oriented developer using a relational database is how to map relational data into objects. Your immediate thought might be to simply map object attributes to fields in a table. Unfortunately, this approach does not create the perfect mapping for two reasons:

Objects do not store only simple data in their attributes. They may store collections or relationships with other objects.
Most relational databases—including MySQL—have no way of modeling inheritance.

An application should manipulate data only through the objects. Most traditional programming methods, including most development in C, PowerBuilder, and VisualBasic, require the developer to pull the data from the database and then process that data. Thus, the first task of an object-oriented application is to grab the data from the database and instantiate objects, through which all further application processing takes place.

Think about an address book application. You would probably have something like the address and ...

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Managing & Using MySQL, 2nd Edition

by Tim King, George Reese, Randy Yarger, Hugh E. Williams

Object/Relational Modeling

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