One of the advantages of sharding in MongoDB is that it is mostly transparent to the application and requires minimal administration and operational effort.
One of the core tasks that MongoDB needs to perform continuously is balancing data between shards. No matter whether we implement range-based or hash-based sharding, MongoDB will need to calculate bounds for the hashed field to be able to figure out which shard to direct every new document insert or update toward. As our data grows, these bounds may need to get readjusted to avoid having a hot shard that ends up with the majority of our data.
For the sake of this example, let's assume that there is a data type named extra_tiny_int ...
