Mathematics is one of the few purely mental activities that we humans can undertake; while we tend to use it as a tool to analyze the world around us, it really takes place entirely in our minds. This observation is especially important when trying to understand the world of autistic savants, people with impaired mental function in some areas who seem to be mathematical geniuses in others. You will see several articles here that relate to these savant thought processes, which have always intrigued me.
Beyond this, there are questions of how to understand our minds in general: are we just a set of mathematical ...