The decisions about how human society is to be organized and governed are among the most critically important choices a civilization must make. Thus it is only natural that we should attempt to use insights from mathematics, which enables precise reasoning based on well-established premises, in order to improve our decisions in this area. On the other hand, this is easier said than done, as any political decision is heavily influenced by value judgements that are beyond the domain of mathematics – despite the fact that one side or another will dogmatically cling to them regardless of evidence or of ...