Advantages of Holding the One and Two Position in the IndustryBenefits of Size: Spotlight on the Mobile Telecommunications IndustryMotivation to Increase SizeCompetitive Pressures of Competitors' M&A ProgramHorizontal Deals: Acquisitions of Competitors and Their Competing BrandsSprint–Nextel Horizontal Deal: One of the Worst in M&A HistoryDeclining Industry Demand Necessitating Industry ConsolidationSynergistic Gains and Horizontal M&ANet Benefits of Horizontal Deals = Synergistic Gains – (Easy to Measure Costs + Hard to Measure Costs)Horizontal Merger Success, Target's Size, and Post-M&A Integration CostsMergers of EqualsMergers of Equals and Challenges of IntegrationMergers-of-Equals Research: Acquirers versus Target GainsCompetitive Advantages of Horizontal Deals: Case Study—InBev and Anheuser-BuschRegulatory Concerns on Merger IntegrationHorizontal M&A and Market Power: An Economic PerspectiveEmpirical Evidence on Whether Firms Pursue M&A to Achieve Market PowerCountervailing Power, Industry Concentration, and M&AHorizontal Integration, Consolidation, and Roll-Up Acquisition Programs